Septic Systems Explained
Septic Systems are individual wastewater treatment systems that use the soil to treat small waste water flows, usually from individual homes. They are typically used in rural or large lot settings where centralized wastewater treatment is impractical and unnecessary.
There are many types of septic systems in use today. While septic systems are individually designed for each site, most septic systems are based on the same principles.
Septic Systems are not complicated.
A septic system consists of a septic tank, a distribution box and a leach field all connected by pipes called conveyance lines.
Your septic system treats your household wastewater by temporarily holding it in the septic tank where heavy solids and lighter scum are allowed to separate from the wastewater. This separation process is known as primary treatment. The solids stored in the tank are decomposed by bacteria and should be removed, along with the lighter scum, by a septic tank pumper.
After the partially treated wastewater leaves the tank it flows into a distribution box which separates this flow evenly into a network of drain field trenches. Drainage holes at the bottom of each line allow the wastewater to drain to gravel trenches for temporary storage.
The wastewater then slowly seeps into the subsurface soil where it is further treated and purified (secondary treatment) before replenishing the groundwater and eventually flowing to a stream or other body of water.
Caring for your Septic System
Proper Maintenance
The accumulated solids in the bottom of the septic tank should be pumped out every 2 to 3years to prolong the life of the system. For large households with heavy use or those with whirlpools, hot tubs or garbage disposals, pumping every year is recommended.
A properly designed and maintained septic system
Requires minimal care
Typically costs less than sewer fees
Keeps water on-site for replenishment of plants and wells.
Neglect or abuse of your septic system can cause it to fail. Failing septic systems can
Cause a serious health threat to your family and neighbors.
Degrade the environment, lakes, streams and ground water
Be very expensive to repair
Reduce the value of your property.
Know the signs of a failing system
Sewage surfacing over the drainfield (especially after storms)
Lush green growth over the drainfield
Slow draining toilets or sink drains
Sewage odors.